Застосування Some and any Some/any + -one/-body/-thing/-where
a. Зазвичай some застосовують у позитивному реченні, а any – в негативному і в питаннях (але зверніть увагу на пункти b і d):
- Sue has caught some flies. – We haven’t got any money.
- I’ve got something tasty to eat. – He’s busy. He never has any time.
- Let’s go somewhere quiet. – She never goes anywhere.
- She refused to do anything.
b. Any / anyone / anything і т. д. часто використовуються після if:
- If there are any calls for me, you can say that i’m not home?
- If anyone has any questions, ask now.
- If you want anything, say it to the servant, he’ll do everything.
у пропозиціях без if, але сенс у них той же:
- Anyone who wants to get this job must give me their names before Tuesday. (= if there is anyone who …)
- I’ll welcome any guests that will come to you. (= if there are any)
с. У питальних пропозиціях зазвичай вживається займенник any (а не `some’):
- Have you got any coffee? – Has anybody called me?
Але some часто використовується в питаннях, коли очікуваною відповіддю є yes:
- What’s wrong with him? Has he got some troubles? (= I think he has got some troubles and I expect you to say `yes’)
- She’s in a hurry. Is she going out somewhere? (= She’s looking miserable. Isn’t she going out anywhere?)
і в питаннях, особливо коли ми пропонуємо або просимо про що-небудь:
- Would you like some work? – Can I have some of those vegetables?
d. Any /anyone /anybody /anything /anywhere можуть означати it doesn’t matter which /who /what /where:
- You can buy any of these suits. (=неважливо який з цих костюмів)
- Call me any time you need. (=неважливо коли)
- You can have anything you want for your birthday present.
- She left the child in the street. Anybody could have walked off with it.
- I’d rather go anywhere than stay at home.
- Tell me a story. What story shall I tell? Any one. I don’t mind.
e. Someone /somebody /anyone /anybody використовуються, як слова в однині:
- Someone wants to talk with you.
- Is anybody home?
Але часто they / them / their використовуються після цих слів замість he / she:
- If anyone needs to leave , they can. (= he or she can)
- Somebody has spilt their (= his or her) coffee on the carpet.
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