Навіть якщо минуле залишається в минулому, то згадати про нього – не гріх! ? Будь то лихі перемоги юності або червоний диплом з ботаніки, а розповісти потрібно грамотно. Тому, в нашій статті ми підкажемо, як правильно побудувати речення в минулому часі англійською мовою.
Існує чотири типи минулого часу: Past Simple, Past Continious, Past Perfect, Past Perfect Continuous. Розглянемо особливості вживання кожного.
1. Past Simple (Простий Минулий) вживається, коли ми говоримо про дії, події певного часу в минулому, і час здійснення якого вже закінчено.
I took this bag with me a few minutes ago.
Щоб визначити момент, коли дію було завершено, ми, як правило, вживаємо такі словосполучення: yesterday (вчора), three days ago (три дні тому), last month (в минулому місяці), four years ago (чотири роки тому). Як утворюється Past Simple?
Пропозиція-затвердження
I cooked. We cooked.
You cooked. You cooked.
He/she/it cooked. They cooked.
Пропозиція-питання
Did I cook? Did we cook?
Did you cook? Did you cook?
Did he/she/it cook? Did they cook?
Пропозиція-заперечення
I did not cook. We did not cook.
You did not cook. You did not cook.
He/she/it did not cook. He/she/it did not cook.
Щоб використовувати Past Simple, дієслово потрібно вживати в його другій формі. В основному, ми просто додаємо закінчення –еd. Але, існують і дієслова, які називають «неправильними». Їх просто потрібно вивчити.
cook-cooked make-made
travel-travelled go-went
enjoy-enjoyed see-saw
2. Past Continuous (Минулий Тривалий) ми вживаємо, коли говоримо про процес, яке тривало в певному моменті або періоді минулого. Це час повинна мати своє конкретне позначення (when he came, two days ago at 6 o’clock, when the doorbell rang).
When she came he was looking for his watch.
Пропозиція-затвердження
I was cooking We were cooking
You were cooking You were cooking
He/she/it was cooking They were cooking
Пропозиція-питання
Was I cooking? Were we cooking?
Were you cooking? Were you cooking?
Was he/she/it cooking? Was he/she/it cooking?
Пропозиція-заперечення
I was not cooking. We weren’t cooking.
You were not cooking. You were not cooking.
He/she/it was not cooking. They were not cooking.
3. Past Perfect (Минулий Вчинене) використовується, коли ми говоримо про дії, що завершився до якогось моменту в минулому.
After John had left, they saw his luggage.
Пропозиція-затвердження
I had cooked We had cooked
You had cooked You had cooked
He/she/it had cooked They had cooked
Пропозиція-питання
Had I cooked? We Had cooked?
Had you cooked? Had you cooked?
Had he/she/it cooked? Had he/she/it cooked?
Пропозиція-заперечення
I had not cooked. We had not cooked.
You had not cooked. You had not cooked.
He/she/it had not cooked. They had not cooked.
4. Past Perfect Continuous (Минулий Тривалий Вчинене) ми вживаємо, коли говоримо про дію, яке почалося в минулому, тривало протягом якогось часу і закінчилося до певного моменту або не закінчилося до цього моменту в минулому.
I had been cooking a dinner for Stella for two hours, when she called me.
Пропозиція-затвердження
I had been cooking We had been cooking
You had been cooking You had been cooking
He/she/it had been cooking They had been cooking
Пропозиція-питання
Had I been cooking? We Had been cooking?
Had you been cooking? Had you been cooking?
Had he/she/it been cooking? Had he/she/it been cooking?
Пропозиція-заперечення
I had not been cooking. We had not been cooking.
You had not been cooking. You had not been cooking.
He/she/it was not been cooking. They had not been cooking.
Команда NES бажає вам весняного настрою і енергійних буднів!